Did you know that 46% of cyber breaches target small businesses? And 60% of small businesses shut down within six months of a major breach. This guide provides 10 actionable steps to secure your small business network, even if you’re on a tight budget.
Key Takeaways:
- Strong Passwords: Use a password manager and enable multi-factor authentication (MFA).
- Firewalls: Combine hardware and software firewalls for network protection.
- VPNs: Secure remote work with a VPN to encrypt sensitive data.
- System Updates: Automate updates to fix vulnerabilities quickly.
- Employee Training: Train staff to recognize phishing and follow security protocols.
- Data Backups: Follow the 3-2-1 rule (3 copies, 2 media types, 1 offsite).
- Wi-Fi Security: Update router settings and use WPA3 encryption.
- Network Monitoring: Track activity with tools like Paessler PRTG or Auvik.
- Incident Response Plan: Prepare a plan to handle breaches effectively.
- Professional IT Support: Seek expert help if managing security feels overwhelming.
Quick Comparison of Tools:
| Category | Top Tools | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| Password Managers | Dashlane, Keeper, Zoho Vault | $0.90–$20/user/month |
| VPNs | NordLayer, Twingate, ExpressVPN | $3.69–$12.99/user/month |
| Patch Management | NinjaOne, SecPod, ManageEngine | Varies by provider |
| Network Monitoring | Paessler PRTG, Auvik, Datadog | $15–$2,149/year |
Take these steps to safeguard your business from costly cyberattacks. Read on for detailed instructions and affordable tools to strengthen your defenses.
7 Small Business Network Security Tips
Step 1: Create Strong Password Rules
Over 60% of security incidents are linked to weak or reused passwords [1].
Password Creation and Management Tools
The strength of a password is determined by its length and complexity. For example, adding special characters to an 8-character password can increase its cracking time from just 37 seconds to seven years. An 18-character numeric password could take as long as 11,000 years to breach [1].
Here’s a quick look at some top-rated password management tools for small businesses:
| Password Manager | Rating | Starting Price | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dashlane | 4.7/5 | $20/month (10 users) | Built-in VPN, breach monitoring |
| Keeper | 4.6/5 | $2/user/month | Military-grade encryption, customizable vault |
| Zoho Vault | 4.4/5 | $0.90/user/month | Unlimited storage, emergency access |
To boost password security:
- Choose a cost-effective password manager [3].
- Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) using biometrics or security keys [4].
- Check new passwords against databases of compromised credentials [2].
Once you’ve established strong passwords, make sure to implement update protocols for continued protection.
Set Password Change Schedules
Creating strong passwords is just the start. To maintain security, you’ll need a smart approach to updates. Traditional 30-, 60-, or 90-day password rotation policies are now considered outdated. The Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency recommends avoiding mandatory periodic changes since they often lead to predictable, minor modifications [5].
Instead, use an event-driven approach for password updates:
- Security incidents: Reset passwords immediately after suspicious login attempts or unusual activity.
- Role changes: Update credentials when employees switch roles or leave the organization.
- Breach notifications: Change passwords right away if a data breach affects your accounts.
For high-level accounts, automated password rotation tools can help minimize risk. Research shows that employees reuse the same password an average of 13 times across different accounts [1], making automated tools even more critical.
Step 2: Install and Configure Firewalls
Setting up a firewall is a critical step in protecting your network from cyber threats.
Hardware vs. Software Firewalls
Choosing between hardware and software firewalls depends on your specific needs. Here’s a quick comparison:
| Feature | Hardware Firewalls | Software Firewalls |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Cost | Higher upfront cost | Lower initial cost, but expenses may rise as the network expands |
| Installation | Installed once for the entire network | Requires installation on each device |
| Performance Impact | Minimal impact on devices | Can affect individual system performance |
| Network Coverage | Covers the entire network | Protects only the devices it’s installed on |
| Configuration | Needs technical expertise | Easier to configure |
| Flexibility | Less customizable | More flexible |
| Maintenance | Less frequent updates needed | Requires regular updates |
For many small businesses, combining both types works well. A hardware firewall can safeguard the entire network, while software firewalls add an extra layer of protection to individual devices.
Basic Firewall Setup Steps
Follow these steps to configure your firewall effectively:
-
Initial Security Configuration
Start by updating the firmware, disabling default accounts, setting strong admin passwords, and enabling automatic updates [6]. -
Network Zone Configuration
Define separate zones for different purposes, such as public-facing services, internal applications, guest access, and administrative functions. This segmentation helps control access. -
Access Control Implementation
Set firewall rules to allow only approved IP addresses, ports, and protocols. Include authentication levels where needed. Document changes, audit configurations regularly, and enable logging with automatic alerts for suspicious activity [6].
To maintain security, back up your firewall settings, review logs often, and test updates in a safe environment. Consider integrating a SIEM tool to analyze logs and detect potential threats [7].
Step 3: Set Up VPN Access
A virtual private network (VPN) is essential for protecting business data, especially with the rise in remote work. With 43% of cyber attacks targeting small businesses[11], a VPN creates a secure, encrypted tunnel between your devices and the internet, making sensitive data much harder to intercept.
Why Small Businesses Need VPNs
Here’s how a VPN can benefit your business:
| Feature | How It Helps |
|---|---|
| Data Protection | Encrypts sensitive information during online activity |
| Remote Access | Allows employees to securely connect to company systems from anywhere |
| Compliance | Supports adherence to regulations like HIPAA [8] |
| Low Overhead | Eliminates the need for physical infrastructure [9] |
| Device Compatibility | Works across multiple devices with a single account |
Research shows that 80% of users rely on VPNs for security, and half use them on public Wi-Fi[10]. Like firewalls, a VPN is an important part of a layered security approach.
With these advantages, it’s worth exploring providers to find one that fits your needs.
How to Choose a VPN Service
To select the right VPN, look for a provider that offers strong features within your budget:
| Provider | Basic Plan | Advanced Plan | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| NordLayer | $12.99/user/mo | $3.69/user/mo | Designed for businesses, requires at least 5 users |
| Twingate | $5/user/mo | $10/user/mo | Includes team management tools |
| ExpressVPN | $12.95/mo | $8.32/mo (yearly) | Fast connections and a wide server network |
"A good rule of thumb is to find a healthy balance between cost and utility. Ease of use and customer support, while less important, should also be considered, especially for those who are not tech-savvy" [12].
When evaluating VPNs, focus on these factors:
- Server Locations: Ensure the provider has servers in regions where your business operates.
- Connection Speed: Verify it supports high-bandwidth activities like video calls and file transfers.
- Device Compatibility: Check if it works with all the devices your team uses.
- User Management: Look for features that let you control access for employees.
- Customer Support: Opt for providers with 24/7 assistance to address any issues promptly.
In 2020, VPN usage surged by 44%[8]. To further protect your data, enable features like a kill-switch and auto-connect to maintain security during connection drops.
Step 4: Keep Systems Updated
Keeping your systems up-to-date is one of the simplest and most cost-effective ways to address vulnerabilities and strengthen your network. According to CISA, regular patches are essential for small businesses looking to maintain strong security defenses [13].
Set Up Automatic Updates
Automating updates ensures critical patches aren’t missed. Most operating systems offer built-in tools to handle this process. Here’s how to enable automatic updates on popular platforms:
| Operating System | Configuration Steps | Key Settings |
|---|---|---|
| Windows | Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update | Enable "Check for updates automatically" |
| macOS | Apple menu > System Settings > General > Software Update | Enable all auto-update options |
| Linux | Package Manager (DNF/APT) | Install and configure "unattended-upgrades" |
For businesses managing multiple devices, patch management software can simplify the process. Some options include:
- NinjaOne Patch Management: A cloud-based tool for Windows, macOS, and Linux that automates patch deployment.
- SecPod SanerNow: Covers operating systems and over 550 third-party apps while offering vulnerability assessments.
- ManageEngine Patch Manager Plus: Maintains a centralized patch library and supports multiple operating systems.
Once automation is set up, it’s important to prioritize updates based on their urgency.
Update Priority Guidelines
Not all updates are created equal. Here’s how to decide which ones to tackle first:
-
Critical Security Updates
Actively exploited vulnerabilities should be patched immediately. Use resources like CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog [13] to stay informed about urgent threats. -
Core System Components
Focus on essential updates, such as:- Operating system patches
- Antivirus software
- Applications critical to your business operations
-
Third-Party Applications
Many tools can help keep third-party software current. For example:
For smoother operations, schedule updates during off-hours, such as 10 PM–4 AM. Tools like SolarWinds Patch Manager or GFI LanGuard can help track update statuses, generate compliance reports, and schedule patches during these maintenance windows. A structured approach to updates ensures your systems remain secure and complements the other strategies discussed earlier.
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Step 5: Train Staff in Security Basics
Human error is behind 95% of cybersecurity breaches [16], and 80% of organizations have faced at least one phishing attack [17]. This makes employee training an essential part of your cybersecurity strategy. While technical defenses are important, your staff serves as the last line of defense.
Key Areas for Security Training
Develop a training program that tackles the most common risks to your organization. Here’s a breakdown of critical topics:
| Training Topic | Key Elements to Cover | Implementation Tips |
|---|---|---|
| Phishing Defense | Spot email red flags, suspicious links, and verify sources | Use real-world phishing examples for clarity |
| Password Security | Create strong passwords, use password managers, enable multi-factor authentication | Introduce trusted password management tools |
| Data Protection | Clean desk policy, secure file sharing, device safety | Provide clear rules for handling sensitive data |
| Social Engineering | Identify tactics, verify requests, and report incidents | Simulate scenarios for hands-on practice |
| Mobile Security | Encrypt devices, manage app permissions, avoid public Wi-Fi | Enforce mobile device management policies |
Once these basics are covered, keep your team engaged with ongoing awareness initiatives to build a strong security culture.
Building a Culture of Security Awareness
Security training shouldn’t be a one-time event. Organizations that invest in continuous awareness programs are 72% more likely to reduce the impact of cyberattacks [19]. Here’s how to keep security top of mind:
- Regular Training Sessions: Host monthly sessions to address new threats. This is especially important as cyberattacks grew by 38% globally between 2021 and 2022 [20].
-
Positive Reinforcement: Reward employees for good security practices. For instance, Cohere Health uses a feedback system to boost engagement.
"I get feedback monthly from our employees that ‘this is so great,’ and ‘we want to see what happens with DeeDee next.’ It’s definitely engaging." – Jared Couillard, CISSP Senior Director, IT & Security Officer, Cohere Health [18]
- Incident-Based Learning: Turn real security incidents into educational opportunities. Transparency and timely reporting are key, especially as insider threats now cost an average of $15.38 million globally [19].
To measure the success of your program, track:
- Results from phishing simulations
- Scores on security quizzes
- Rates of incident reporting
- Compliance with security policies
Tailor training to specific roles. For example, accounting teams should focus on preventing financial fraud, while sales teams need to prioritize protecting client data. By addressing these unique needs, you can strengthen your overall security posture while reducing human error.
Step 6: Set Up Data Backups
Losing data can seriously disrupt a small business. Having reliable backups in place ensures your operations can continue smoothly [21].
The 3-2-1 Backup Method
The 3-2-1 rule is a simple and effective way to protect your data:
| Backup Component | Implementation | Best Practice |
|---|---|---|
| 3 Copies | Original data + 2 backups | Keep daily backups of critical files |
| 2 Different Media | Use multiple storage types | Combine local drives with cloud storage |
| 1 Offsite Copy | Store one copy in a remote location | Use cloud services or an offsite facility |
For instance, a retail business might [22]:
- Back up daily to an external hard drive
- Sync data automatically to Microsoft Azure cloud storage
- Keep weekly backups on a separate drive stored offsite
Once your backup strategy is in place, evaluate your options to ensure the best fit for your business.
Cloud vs. Local Backup Options
Here’s a quick comparison of cloud and local backups:
| Feature | Cloud Backup | Local Backup |
|---|---|---|
| Cost Structure | Monthly subscription | One-time hardware investment |
| Recovery Speed | Depends on internet speed | Faster, since it’s local |
| Scalability | Virtually unlimited | Limited by hardware capacity |
| Remote Access | Accessible from anywhere | Limited to physical location |
| Security Control | Managed by the provider | Fully controlled by you |
A hybrid approach often works best [23]. For example, you can store sensitive data locally to meet compliance requirements while backing up operational files to the cloud for easy access. Automate daily backups for both systems to save time and reduce risks.
Plan your backup schedule based on the type of data [24]:
- Daily: Critical files
- Weekly: System configurations
- Monthly: Full system images
This ensures you’re prepared for anything, from small hiccups to major disruptions.
Step 7: Lock Down Wi-Fi Networks
Securing your Wi-Fi network is a crucial step in protecting your business from potential cyberattacks. Hackers often target Wi-Fi networks to gain unauthorized access, so taking precautions is non-negotiable.
Update Router Settings
Start by accessing your router’s administration panel, either through its IP address or the manufacturer’s app [26].
| Setting | Recommended Configuration | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Admin Password | Use a strong, unique password | Blocks unauthorized access to your router |
| Network Name (SSID) | Choose a custom, non-identifiable name | Makes your network less of a target |
| Guest Network | Set up a separate network with limited access | Keeps visitor traffic isolated from your main network |
| Remote Management | Turn it off | Prevents external configuration attempts |
| Firmware | Keep it updated | Fixes known security vulnerabilities |
"Manufacturers appreciate the importance of router security and reliability more than ever, so the products are much more user‐friendly than they used to be. They now handle a lot of the key security settings for you" [26].
Here are a few actions to further secure your router:
- Change default credentials by using tools like www.routerpasswords.com [25].
- Enable the router’s firewall for extra protection [27].
- Turn off Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), as it’s prone to vulnerabilities [25].
- Regularly check connected devices through the admin interface to spot and block unauthorized users [27].
Once your router is secure, it’s time to move to WPA3 encryption for even better protection.
Set Up WPA3 Security
Since July 1, 2020, all new Wi-Fi CERTIFIED devices are required to support WPA3 [30].
| Feature | WPA2 | WPA3 |
|---|---|---|
| Password Protection | Shared encryption key | Individual encryption for each device |
| Offline Attack Defense | Vulnerable to multiple guesses | Limits attackers to one guess per attempt |
| Forward Secrecy | No | Yes – generates a unique key for every session |
| Open Network Security | None | Encrypts traffic even on open networks |
If your hardware is older, make sure you’re at least using WPA2-PSK with AES encryption [31]. When upgrading, look for the Wi-Fi CERTIFIED label to ensure WPA3 compatibility [30].
To get the most out of WPA3:
- Update device firmware: Keep all network devices on the latest software [29].
- Configure client devices: Enable all available security features [30].
- Monitor connected devices: Remove any unauthorized users regularly [30].
WPA3 uses GCMP encryption, which offers stronger protection compared to WPA2’s AES [28][29]. This upgrade makes it harder for attackers to intercept or manipulate your network traffic.
Step 8: Track Network Activity
Keeping an eye on network activity is key to spotting and stopping threats early. Today’s tools can provide real-time updates on your network’s health and flag potential security risks.
Network Tracking Software Options
Choosing the right monitoring tool depends on the size of your business and the complexity of your network. Here are some popular tools and their standout features:
| Tool | Best For | Key Features | Starting Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paessler PRTG | Small businesses | Network mapping, autodiscovery, 30-day free trial | $2,149/year |
| ManageEngine OpManager | Easy-to-use interface | Automated monitoring, custom alerts | $245/year |
| Auvik | Cloud-based monitoring | Multi-site monitoring, traffic analysis | Scales with devices |
| Datadog | Comprehensive visibility | Real-time analytics, extensive integrations | $15/host/month |
Key features to look for in monitoring software:
- Autodiscovery: Automatically identifies and maps devices on your network.
- Real-time alerts: Sends notifications for unusual or suspicious activity.
- Performance tracking: Keeps tabs on bandwidth usage and system health.
- Integration: Works seamlessly with your existing security tools.
Once you’ve got monitoring in place, the next step is to dive into analyzing your security logs.
Check Security Logs
Beyond firewalls and VPNs, analyzing security logs is crucial for spotting threats early. Verizon’s Data Breach Investigation Reports highlight this:
"In 82 percent of cases … the victim possessed the ability to discover the breach had they been more diligent in monitoring and analyzing event-related information available to them at the time of the incident." [32]
Focus on these types of logs:
- Firewall activity: Keep an eye on blocked packets and unusual traffic.
- Windows event logs: Track system and user activity.
- Application access: Monitor attempts to access sensitive apps.
- Storage systems: Check for unauthorized access or changes.
- IoT devices: Watch for unusual connections or behavior.
What to watch for:
- Repeated connection attempts to unused ports.
- Blocked access from the same IP address.
- Internal network messages flagged by the firewall.
- Failed login attempts to the firewall.
Set up alerts for suspicious activity, automate responses when patterns emerge, and generate regular security reports to measure how quickly threats are detected.
Step 9: Create a Security Response Plan
After setting up prevention and monitoring measures, having a response plan is critical for handling cyber incidents efficiently. A well-documented plan helps contain threats quickly, reduces damage, and speeds up recovery, ultimately minimizing financial losses.
Key Components of a Response Plan
A strong security response plan includes the following elements:
| Component | Description | Key Personnel |
|---|---|---|
| Detection Team | Monitors systems and sends alerts | Security Analyst, IT Operations |
| Response Team | Implements containment actions | Technical Lead, Security Specialist |
| Communication Chain | Manages messaging internally and externally | Communications Manager, Legal Counsel |
| Recovery Process | Restores systems and data | IT Operations, Risk Manager |
| Documentation | Logs incident details and actions taken | Incident Manager, Scribe |
This structured approach strengthens your security strategy. Here’s how to organize your team:
- Incident Response Manager: Leads the response effort and makes key decisions.
- Technical Lead: Handles technical analysis and containment.
- Communications Manager: Manages messaging for both internal teams and external stakeholders.
- IT Operations: Executes technical fixes and restores systems.
- Legal/Compliance: Ensures compliance with regulations.
Pairing preventive measures with a clear response plan creates a layered defense system.
Immediate Steps During an Incident
When a cyber incident occurs, act fast by:
- Disconnecting affected devices from the network.
- Suspending access for compromised accounts.
- Contacting your cybersecurity response team right away.
- Changing any passwords that may have been exposed.
Regularly Test Your Plan
To ensure your response plan works when needed, test it regularly using these methods:
- Tabletop Exercises: Walk through hypothetical scenarios with your team to pinpoint weaknesses and clarify roles.
- System Tests: Temporarily disconnect primary systems to test backups and confirm operational continuity.
- Mock Attacks: Simulate breaches to give your team hands-on experience and uncover gaps in your procedures.
These practices help refine your plan and prepare your team for real-world challenges.
Conclusion: Next Steps
Security Steps Summary
Keeping your network secure requires ongoing effort. Use this checklist to stay on top of your security tasks:
| Security Area | Regular Action Items | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| System Updates | Apply software patches and updates | Weekly |
| Backup Verification | Test data recovery processes | Monthly |
| Security Training | Hold staff awareness sessions | Quarterly |
| Network Monitoring | Check security logs and alerts | Daily |
| Response Plan | Update and test incident procedures | Bi-annually |
If this feels like too much to handle, it might be time to bring in professional IT support.
When to Get Expert Help
Consider reaching out to IT professionals if:
- Your business processes sensitive customer information.
- There’s no dedicated IT team to oversee security.
- Your network is spread across multiple locations or supports remote work.
- You’re unclear about compliance rules and regulations.
Professional IT services can take the pressure off by offering 24/7 monitoring, regular security reviews, automated backups, employee training, and fast response to incidents. A security assessment from an IT provider can help identify weaknesses in your current setup and recommend solutions to better protect your business and its data.